یہ ایک خاص قسم کے بیکٹیریا کی وجہ سے پھیلنے والی بیماری ہے جو کہ درد، بخار، قنض اور پیٹ درد جیسی علامات کا باعث بن سکتی ہے۔ ترقی پذیر ممالک میں یہ مرض بچوں میں عام ہے جو کہ آلودہ کھانے اور پانی کے ذریعے پھیل سکتا ہے۔ اس بیماری کی وجہ بننے والے بیکٹیریا کو سالمونیلا ٹائیفی کہا جاتا ہے جب کہ یہ سالمونیلا پیرا ٹائیفی کی وجہ سے بھی ہو سکتی ہے۔ ٹائیفائیڈ سے متاثرہ افراد سے یہ مرض دوسروں میں منتقل ہو سکتا ہے۔ ہر سال کم و بیش اکیس ملین افراد اس بیماری کا شکار ہوتے ہیں جن میں کم از کم دو لاکھ افراد لقمہ اجل بن جاتے ہیں۔ ٹائیفائیڈ کے جراثیم چھوٹی آنت کے ذریعے خون میں شامل ہو جاتے ہیں اور جگر، سپلین، اور ہڈی کے گودے میں ان کی افزائش کے بعد یہ دوبارہ سے خون میں شامل ہو کر علامات کا باعث بنتے ہیں۔ اس بیماری کو سنگین صورتحال اختیار کرنے سے روکنے کے لیے باقاعدہ علاج از حد ضروری ہے۔
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Typhoid is an acute ailment caused by bacteria Salmonella typhi and also by Salmonella para typhi. Affected people catch the infection by consuming food or water contaminated with bacteria. People affected with typhoid can transmit this disease. This usually spreads due to poor sanitation and hygiene. Every year 21 million people are affected by this disease and out of these almost two lac die.
After ingestion, these bacteria enter the small intestine and then into the bloodstream. These are transported to the liver, spleen, and bone marrow where these multiply, and then reenter the bloodstream. This is the point where symptoms start appearing. This disease is diagnosed by running an investigation on stool samples and some times urine samples.
Prompt treatment is essential to prevent excessive damage and serious consequences. To find and consult a good physician for typhoid treatment log on to marham.pk.
The first symptoms appear after about six days to one month after the bacteria enter the system. These include:
Crowding is an important risk factor for typhoid. Houses with more than 6 people showed have a higher susceptibility to typhoid. If any member of the household suffers from typhoid, that is also an obvious risk factor. Some other risk factors for typhoid also included not using soap to wash hands, absence of a toilet in the house and floods in the area. Another risk factor identified as iced drinks. Furthermore, ice cube usage and eating food on the same plate were also listed.
The countries that have more inhibited access to drinkable and clean water and cleaning facilities tend to report having more cases of typhoid. Prevention of typhoid includes vaccination, especially when journeying to any place where there is a higher risk for typhoid. These would help in preventing the bacteria that causes typhoid from causing any serious damage. However, it is necessary to adopt clean eating and drinking habits as the vaccines might not be effective all the time.
Furthermore, it is important to identify places where contamination could occur. People could then avoid drinking from those places.
There are some other things or habits which will reduce the risk of infection as well. These include drinking water that has been bottled and carbonated, being aware of who is handling your food other than yourself, not eating street food or cold food and not putting ice cubes in a drink. Other measures include not eating vegetables or fruits raw. If bottled water is unavailable, the water should be boiled for at least 60 seconds.
